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The name is the word for shell bead in the Eastern Keresan language of the Santo Domingo Indians. [2] The oldest specimens of heishe date back to around 6000 BCE, although the same technique was used in northern Africa 30,000 years ago, using ostrich eggshell. [2]
Double stranded Zuni fetish necklace with eagle fetish in center, 40 total fetishes made from turquoise, jet, pipestone, serpentine, mother of pearl, spiny oyster shell. The fetishes are strung on fine sinew strung with olive shell and turquoise heshi (beads), with a hand-made sterling silver clasp and cones. The carver of this object is unknown.
Given enough time, the tip of the spire of the shell usually also wears down, and thus a natural hole is formed from one side to the other. This shell fragment can be viewed as a sort of a natural bead, and is known in Hawaii as a "puka". Real puka shells are not flat: one side of the bead is slightly convex; the other is concave.
Reeds would be soaked in a clay slurry. Two individuals would rotate the reed and another person would trail the hot glass over the reed. The hot beads and reed would be laid in a clay bed to cool. When cool, they would be stripped from the reeds. [6] This method of manufacture was used as far back as the eighth century CE until the late 1930s. [7]
Then, bead blanks are selected from those fragments. The next two steps can be performed in either order depending on the group making the beads; either a hole is drilled in the bead's center, often with a sharp stone, piece of bone, or horn, or the process of trimming the bead is performed before the perforation.
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