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The pipa, pípá, or p'i-p'a (Chinese: 琵琶) is a traditional Chinese musical instrument belonging to the plucked category of instruments. Sometimes called the "Chinese lute ", the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body with a varying number of frets ranging from 12 to 31.
Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories (classified by the material from which the instruments were made) known as bā yīn (). [1] The eight categories are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and skin; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these groups.
The other reference to the liuqin is the tu pipa (土琵琶), literally meaning unrefined pipa, because of the diminutive size and resemblance of the liuqin to the pipa. Throughout its history, the liuqin came in variations ranging from two (which only had a range of one and a half octaves) to four strings.
The default tuning of zhongruan is G 2 D 3 G 3 D 4. [3] It can also be tuned as G 2 D 3 A 3 E 4, or A 2 D 3 D 3 D 4, or other variants, according to requirements in music scores. [4] Since the zhongruan has a rounded, calm and rich tone, it is usually played as a lead instrument in small ensembles and used to accompany other instruments in Chinese orchestra. [5]
Pipa. This instrument appeared two thousand years ago. Pipa is a general name. Playing the instruments with the hand forward or backward controls whether the sound is pi or pa. [3] In Tang dynasty, pipa was popular in the palace. Emperors as well as ordinary families all played pipa in daily life. Many paintings of that time show the pipa.
Min Xiao-Fen (simplified Chinese: 闵小芬; traditional Chinese: 閔小芬; pinyin: Mǐn Xiǎofēn) is a Chinese and American pipa player, vocalist, and composer known for her work in traditional Chinese music, contemporary classical music, and jazz.
There was no standard pitch for traditional qin music; if there was for Chinese music in general, this would change, as it has in the West. Today standard A may be 440 vib/sec but in the Baroque period it was a half or whole tone lower."
Possible sanxian (left) and pipa, from a 762-827 A.D. painting in the Mogao caves near Dunhuang―Grotto 46 Left interior wall, second panel. Also called cave 112. It has been suggested that sanxian, a form of spike lute, may have its origin in the Middle East, and older forms of spike lute were also found in ancient Egypt. [1]