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Patients with diabetes have also been shown to be at an elevated risk for acquiring CRE infections. [7] When compared to other hospitalized patients, those admitted from long-term acute care (LTAC) facilities have significantly higher incidence of colonization and infection rates. [8]
By pre-emptively treating patients who have become colonized with an antimicrobial resistant organism, the likelihood of the patient going on to develop life-threatening healthcare-associated infections is reduced. Common sites of bacterial colonization include the nasal passage, groin, oral cavity and skin. [1]
A subclinical infection—sometimes called a preinfection or inapparent infection—is an infection by a pathogen that causes few or no signs or symptoms of infection in the host. [1] Subclinical infections can occur in both humans and animals. [ 2 ]
Insulitis, which is present in roughly 19% of type 1 diabetes patients, most prominently occurs in the first year after diagnosis in patients aged 0 to 14 years with a prevalence of 68% (32/47 patients studied). [1] Insulitis prevalence is 4% in young patients with chronic type 1 diabetes (patients who have had the disease for over a year). [1]
GBS-EOD infections presented in infants whose mothers had been screened as GBS culture-negative are particularly worrying, and may be caused by incorrect sample collection, delay in processing the samples, incorrect laboratory techniques, recent antibiotic use, or GBS colonization after the screening was carried out.
Pulmonary disease caused by NTM is most often seen in postmenopausal women and patients with underlying lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and prior tuberculosis. It is not uncommon for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Marfan syndrome, and primary ciliary dyskinesia patients to have pulmonary NTM colonization and/or infection.
Risk factors for infection include antibiotic or proton pump inhibitor use, hospitalization, hypoalbuminemia, [8] other health problems, and older age. [1] Diagnosis is by stool culture or testing for the bacteria's DNA or toxins. [1] If a person tests positive but has no symptoms, the condition is known as C. difficile colonization rather than ...
Vancomycin. Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown by enterococcus: Van-A, Van-B, Van-C, Van-D, Van-E and Van-G. [4] The significance is that Van-A VRE is resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, [5] Van-B VRE is resistant to vancomycin but susceptible to teicoplanin, [6] [7] and Van-C is only partly resistant to vancomycin.