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Economic woes prompted widespread unrest in the European political world, leading to the rise of fascism as an ideology and a movement against liberalism and communism, especially in Nazi Germany and Italy. [191] The rise of fascism in the 1930s eventually culminated in World War II, the deadliest conflict in human history.
But resistance to liberal internationalism was deep and bitter, with critics arguing that growing global interdependency would result in the loss of national sovereignty and that democracies represented a corrupt order incapable of either domestic or global governance. [91] Liberalism is frequently cited as the dominant ideology of modern times.
In the 1930s, liberalism came to describe a pragmatic ideology that called for a moderate amount of government regulation of the economy, progressive taxation, and increased exercise of federal government power in relation to the states.
Liberalism has become the dominant political ideology in academia, with 44–62% identifying as liberal, depending on the exact wording of the survey. This compares with 40–46% liberal identification in surveys from 1969 to 1984. [ 44 ]
Jason Blakely’s new book explores today’s major political ideologies on their own terms.
Liberalism as a specifically named ideology begins in the late 18th century as a movement towards self-government and away from aristocracy. It included the ideas of self-determination , the primacy of the individual and the nation as opposed to the state and religion as being the fundamental units of law, politics and economy.
Classical liberalism is a political tradition and a branch of liberalism that ... Whiggery had become a dominant ideology following the Glorious Revolution of 1688 ...
Alexandre Lefebvre’s new book passionately argues for fairness and freedom.