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Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) or extreme demand avoidance (EDA) is a proposed disorder, and proposed pervasive developmental disorder, defined by characteristics such as a demand avoidance—which is a greater-than-typical refusal to comply with requests or expectations—and extreme efforts to avoid social demands. [1]
Various websites contain various diagnostic criteria. At least three of the following categories should be present. Co-occurring clusters of symptoms must also not be better explained by being symptoms of another disorder such as experiencing mood swings due to autism, cognitive difficulties due to schizophrenia, and so on.
In 1980 she proposed the term pathological demand avoidance [7] to describe people who do not want to co-operate with instructions even when this would be in their own interest. She had identified a group of children who had this characteristic and they would "avoid everyday demands and expectations to an extreme extent".
The DSM and the ICD form a 'dual-system': the DSM is used for categories and diagnostic criteria, while the ICD-codes are used to make reimbursement claims towards the health insurance companies. The ICD also contains diagnostic criteria, but for the most part, therapists use those in the DSM.
The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition categorized PDD into five distinct subtypes, each with their own diagnostic criteria. [1] The five subtypes, childhood autism , atypical autism , Rett syndrome , Asperger syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder , are characterized by abnormalities in ...
PDD-NOS included atypical autism, a diagnosis defined in the ICD-10 for the case that the criteria for autistic disorder were not met because of late age of onset, or atypical symptomatology, or both of these. [5] Even though PDD-NOS was considered milder than typical autism, this was not always true. While some characteristics may be milder ...
Pathological demand avoidance is a proposed disorder characterised by avoidance of every day demands. It was proposed by British psychologist Elizabeth Newsom in 1983 for children who did not then meet the criteria for autism and which she felt shared certain other characteristics, such as an interest in pretend play.
When the disorder was first included in the DSM-III, the prevalence was 25% higher than when the DSM-IV revised the criteria of diagnosis. [20] The DSM-V made more changes to the criteria, grouping certain characteristics together in order to demonstrate that people with ODD display both emotional and behavioral symptoms. [25]