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The first organogermanium compound, tetraethylgermane, synthesized by Winkler in 1887, [3] by the reaction of germanium tetrachloride with diethylzinc. More commonly, these Ge(IV) compounds are prepared by alkylation of germanium halides by organolithium and Grignard reagents, including surfaces terminated with Ge-Cl bonds. [4]
Two oxides of germanium are known: germanium dioxide (GeO 2, germania) and germanium monoxide, (GeO). [4] The dioxide, GeO 2 can be obtained by roasting germanium disulfide (GeS 2) or by allowing elemental germanium to slowly oxidze in air, [5] and is a white powder that is only slightly soluble in water but reacts with alkalis to form germanates. [4]
Chemical & Engineering News publishes an annual list of the world's largest chemical producers by sales, excluding formulated products such as pharmaceutical drugs and coatings. [1] In 2018, sales of the top fifty companies amounted to US$ 951,000,000,000, an increase of 11.8% compared to the top fifty producers of 2017. [ 2 ]
Organic germanium hydrides such as isobutylgermane ((CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 GeH 3) were found to be less hazardous and may be used as a liquid substitute for toxic germane gas in semiconductor applications. Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes).
Germanium heterocycles (1 P) Pages in category "Organogermanium compounds" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect ...
China on Tuesday banned exports to the United States of the critical minerals gallium, germanium and antimony that have widespread military applications, escalating trade tensions the day after ...