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Brainwave entrainment is a colloquialism for 'neural entrainment', [25] which is a term used to denote the way in which the aggregate frequency of oscillations produced by the synchronous electrical activity in ensembles of cortical neurons can adjust to synchronize with the periodic vibration of external stimuli, such as a sustained acoustic ...
Auditory entrainment (AE) is the same concept as visual entrainment, with the exception that auditory signals are passed from the cochlea of the ears into the thalamus via the medial geniculate nucleus, whereas visual entrainment passes from the retina into the thalamus via the lateral geniculate nucleus. [4]
The brain and the neural network should be considered as an integrated and self-contained firmware system that includes hardware (organs), software (programs), memory (short term and long term), database (centralized and distributed), and a complex network of active elements (such as neurons, synapses, and tissues) and passive elements (such as ...
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are self-organizing biological neural circuits [1] [2] that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input. [3] [4] [5] They are the source of the tightly-coupled patterns of neural activity that drive rhythmic and stereotyped motor behaviors like walking, swimming, breathing, or chewing.
The neural encoding of sound is the representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system. [1] The complexities of contemporary neuroscience are continually redefined. Thus what is known of the auditory system has been continually changing.
In the original Chua-Yang CNN (CY-CNN) processor, the state of the cell was a weighted sum of the inputs and the output was a piecewise linear function.However, like the original perceptron-based neural networks, the functions it could perform were limited: specifically, it was incapable of modeling non-linear functions, such as XOR.
WaveNet is a deep neural network for generating raw audio. It was created by researchers at London-based AI firm DeepMind.The technique, outlined in a paper in September 2016, [1] is able to generate relatively realistic-sounding human-like voices by directly modelling waveforms using a neural network method trained with recordings of real speech.
A neural network, also called a neuronal network, is an interconnected population of neurons (typically containing multiple neural circuits). [1] Biological neural networks are studied to understand the organization and functioning of nervous systems .