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Ethyl acetate (systematically ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc, ETAC or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH 3 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3, simplified to C 4 H 8 O 2.This flammable, colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, and the decaffeination process of tea and coffee.
The rate is first-order in one reactant (ethyl acetate), and also first-order in imidazole, which as a catalyst does not appear in the overall chemical equation. Another well-known class of second-order reactions are the S N 2 (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) reactions, such as the reaction of n-butyl bromide with sodium iodide in acetone:
The reaction of fatty acids with base is the other main method of saponification. In this case, the reaction involves neutralization of the carboxylic acid. The neutralization method is used to produce industrial soaps such as those derived from magnesium, the transition metals, and aluminium.
Hydrolysis (/ h aɪ ˈ d r ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /; from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water' and lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution , elimination , and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile .
For example, the reaction of acetic anhydride with ethanol yields ethyl acetate: (CH 3 CO) 2 O + CH 3 CH 2 OH → CH 3 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3 + CH 3 COOH. Often a base such as pyridine is added to function as catalyst. In specialized applications, Lewis acidic scandium salts have also proven effective catalysts. [12]
Mix the protected carbamate to be deprotected with 3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) in ethyl acetate for 30 min at ambient temperature [16] Heat the carbamate in a mixture of aqueous hydrochloric acid and toluene at 65 °C [17] Dissolving desired protected compound in a 50/50 mix of dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid [18]
The equilibrium constant for such reactions is about 5 for typical esters, e.g., ethyl acetate. [15] The reaction is slow in the absence of a catalyst. Sulfuric acid is a typical catalyst for this reaction. Many other acids are also used such as polymeric sulfonic acids.
The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants. Methyl acetate is a Lewis base that forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids.