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Islanding is the intentional or unintentional division of an interconnected power grid into individual disconnected regions with their own power generation. Intentional islanding is often performed as a defence in depth to mitigate a cascading blackout. If one island collapses, it will not take neighboring islands with it.
It has been defined and is controlled by the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA). It replaces the earlier NMEA 0180 and NMEA 0182 standards. [2] In leisure marine applications, it is slowly being phased out in favor of the newer NMEA 2000 standard, [3] [4] though NMEA 0183 remains the norm in commercial shipping.
The top manufacturer is Garmin's Marine division with a turnover of US$917 Million in 2023 [8] followed by Brunswick-owned Navico Group (Simrad, Lowrance, B&G and several other brands), with a turnover of US$915 Million (although this includes sales of equipment which is not marine electronics, such as batteries, cables and pumps).
NMEA 0183 is a combined electrical and data specification for communication between marine electronics such as echo sounder, sonars, anemometer, gyrocompass, autopilot, GPS receivers and many other types of instruments. It has been defined and is controlled by the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA).
The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals. Argentina – CNC-St2-44.01 V02.1.1 [22] Europe – CE Marking Israel – MET MOC 023/96 Japan – PSE law Mexico – NOM-152
NMEA 2000, abbreviated to NMEA2k or N2K and standardized as IEC 61162-3, is a plug-and-play communications standard used for connecting marine sensors and display units within ships and boats. Communication runs at 250 kilobits-per-second and allows any sensor to talk to any display unit or other device compatible with NMEA 2000 protocols.
In many companies this situation has changed a lot, as many have realized that modern electrical and electronic systems require an extra attention and therefore require an expert to attend them. This is especially true on diesel-electric ships or vessels equipped with sophisticated systems such as dynamic positioning.
The Type 364 radar was developed by the Yangzhou Marine Electronic Instruments Research Institute (扬州船用电子仪器研究所) / No. 723 Research Institute. It ...