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Prostate cancer screening is the screening process used to detect undiagnosed prostate cancer in men without signs or symptoms. [1] [2] When abnormal prostate tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat and cure, but it is unclear if early detection reduces mortality rates.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), P-30 antigen, is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene.PSA is a member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and the paraurethral glands in women.
Prostate-specific antigen based screening for prostate cancer led to earlier detection of prostate cancer (stage migration), and thus altered the course of the disease in the absence of treatment (natural history). Identifying the incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer increased with widespread prostate-specific antigen testing, as did the ...
Those with elevated PSA may undergo secondary screening blood tests that measure subtypes of PSA and other molecules to better predict the likelihood that a person will develop aggressive prostate cancer. Many measure "free PSA" – the fraction of PSA unbound to other blood proteins, usually around 10% to 30%.
The recommendation to begin screening at an older age received significant attention, including proposed congressional intervention. [13] The 2016 recommendations maintained 50 as the age when routine screening should begin. [14] In April 2024, The USPSTF lowered the recommended age to begin breast cancer screening.
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