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This block is one of three displacements, 302/327/350, that underwent a crankshaft bearing diameter transformation for 1968 when the rod-journal size was increased from the 2 in (50.8 mm) diameter small-journal to a 2.1 in (53.3 mm) large-journal and a main-journal size that was increased from 2.3 in (58.4 mm) to 2.45 in (62.2 mm).
Pontiac differed from other GM Divisions and most other manufacturers in producing only a single sized V8 casting, rather than adding a larger big block to its line-up. The external dimensions of all their V8s, from 326–455 cu in (5.3–7.5 L) were the same. Engine displacement is a function of bore and stroke.
There was a U.S. auto industry-wide shift to lower compression ratios in mid-1971, so AMC increased combustion chamber size to 58-59 cc. The first three digits of the casting number on the large chamber heads are 321, 322, or 323 depending on year. The only difference between small and large chamber Gen-3 heads is the combustion chamber size.
De Dion-Bouton engine with monobloc cylinder heads, but cylinders separate from crankcase c. 1905 [1]. A monobloc or en bloc engine is an internal-combustion piston engine some of whose major components (such as cylinder head, cylinder block, or crankcase) are formed, usually by casting, as a single integral unit, rather than being assembled later.
A bronze casting showing the sprue and risers. A riser, also known as a feeder, [1] is a reservoir built into a metal casting mold to prevent cavities due to shrinkage.Most metals are less dense as a liquid than as a solid so castings shrink upon cooling, which can leave a void at the last point to solidify.
Centrifugal casting (industrial) Continuous casting; Die casting; Evaporative-pattern casting. Full-mold casting; Lost-foam casting; Investment casting (Lost-wax casting) Countergravity casting [1] Lost-foam casting; Low pressure die casting; Permanent mold casting; Plastic mold casting; Resin casting; Sand casting; Shell molding; Slush casting ...
Additionally, the range of axial orientations in the directional solidification starting block should be minimized in order to successfully grow a single crystal. [12] This is difficult depending on the range of orientations in the DS starter block, and therefore makes orientation control a large area of focus.
Squeeze casting is a casting method that combines die casting and forging. It starts with low-pressure casting, followed by the application of very high pressure as the material cools, producing a high-quality casting. [1] [2] This is often carried out using a hydraulic press as part of the casting apparatus. [3]