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The linear no-threshold model (LNT) is a dose-response model used in radiation protection to estimate stochastic health effects such as radiation-induced cancer, genetic mutations and teratogenic effects on the human body due to exposure to ionizing radiation. The model assumes a linear relationship between dose and health effects, even for ...
The most widely accepted model posits that the incidence of cancers due to ionizing radiation increases linearly with effective radiation dose at a rate of 5.5% per sievert; [1] if correct, natural background radiation is the most hazardous source of radiation to general public health, followed by medical imaging as a close second.
Radiation exposure is a measure of the ionization of air due to ionizing radiation from photons. [1] It is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air. [ 1 ]
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. [1] Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for several months.
This was based on radiation exposure information on 93% of the population living within five miles of the nuclear plant - nearly 36,000 people, gathered in door-to-door surveys shortly after the accident. [25] The study found slight increases in cancer and mortality rates but "no consistent evidence" of causation by TMI. [24]
The collective effective dose, dose quantity S, is calculated as the sum of all individual effective doses over the time period or during the operation being considered due to ionizing radiation. [ 1 ] : paragraph 159 It can be used to estimate the total health effects of a process or accidental release involving ionizing radiation to an ...
Human internal radiation due to radon, varies with radon levels [8] 2 2 × 10 ^ 0: Acute-Head CT [7] 3 3 × 10 ^ 0: Annual: 0.34: USA average dose from all natural sources [6] 3.66 3.66 × 10 ^ 0: Annual: 0.42: USA average from all sources, including medical diagnostic radiation doses [citation needed] 4 4 × 10 ^ 0: Duration of the pregnancy: 0.6
typical application helium: 3 - stable - exposure dating of olivine-bearing rocks beryllium: 10: 1.36 million: exposure dating of quartz-bearing rocks, sediment, dating of ice cores, measurement of erosion rates carbon: 14: 5,730: dating of organic matter, water neon: 21 - stable - dating of very stable, long-exposed surfaces, including ...