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  2. Shellshock (software bug) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)

    Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, [1] is a family of security bugs [2] in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access [3] to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.

  3. Bad command or file name - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_command_or_file_name

    "foo" is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. Some early Unix shells produced the equally cryptic " foo: no such file or directory " again accurately describing what is wrong but confusing users.

  4. Directory traversal attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_traversal_attack

    Unix /etc/passwd is a common file used to demonstrate directory traversal, as it is often used by crackers to try cracking the passwords. However, in more recent Unix systems, the /etc/passwd file does not contain the hashed passwords, and they are instead located in the /etc/shadow file

  5. Cross-site request forgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery

    The web server will not be able to identify the forgery because the request was made by a user that was logged in, and submitted all the requisite cookies. Cross-site request forgery is an example of a confused deputy attack against a web browser because the web browser is tricked into submitting a forged request by a less privileged attacker.

  6. HTTP 404 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_404

    Help; Learn to edit; Community portal; Recent changes; Upload file; Special pages

  7. Magic number (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)

    In Version Seven Unix, the header constant was not tested directly, but assigned to a variable labeled ux_mag [10] and subsequently referred to as the magic number. Probably because of its uniqueness, the term magic number came to mean executable format type, then expanded to mean file system type, and expanded again to mean any type of file.

  8. cron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron

    The cron command-line utility is a job scheduler on Unix-like operating systems.Users who set up and maintain software environments use cron to schedule jobs [1] (commands or shell scripts), also known as cron jobs, [2] [3] to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. [4]

  9. Heartbleed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartbleed

    It's not just a server-side vulnerability, it's also a client-side vulnerability because the server, or whomever you connect to, is as able to ask you for a heartbeat back as you are to ask them. [82] The stolen data could contain usernames and passwords. [83] Reverse Heartbleed affected millions of application instances. [81]