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The Apollo Lunar Module (LM / ˈ l ɛ m /), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in the airless vacuum of space, and remains the only ...
[4] NASA also launched missions to Mercury in 2004, with the MESSENGER probe demonstrating as the first use of a solar sail. [22] NASA also launched probes to the outer Solar System starting in the 1960s. Pioneer 10 was the first probe to the outer planets, flying by Jupiter, while Pioneer 11 provided the first close up view of the planet. Both ...
For EVAs from the International Space Station, NASA employed a camp-out procedure to reduce the risk of decompression sickness. [34] This was first tested by the Expedition 12 crew. During a camp-out, astronauts sleep overnight in the airlock prior to an EVA, lowering the air pressure to 10.2 psi (70 kPa), compared to the normal station ...
Brownian excursion, a concept in the theory of stochastic processes; Critical excursion, or criticality accident, a topic in nuclear physics; Diaphragmatic excursion, the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing; Geomagnetic excursion, a change in the Earth's magnetic field; Excursion (audio), the linear movement range of a speaker
Astronaut Candidate is the rank of those training to be NASA astronauts. Upon graduation from training, candidates are promoted to Astronaut and receive their Astronaut Pin . The pin is issued in two grades, silver and gold, with the silver pin awarded to candidates who have successfully completed astronaut training and the gold pin to ...
A spacecraft prefix is a combination of letters, usually abbreviations, used in front of the name of a spacecraft, and its purpose is often analogous to more conventional ship prefixes.
[4] [5] By May 2024 the spacecraft had reached substantial completion, [6] and in August 2024 the spacecraft arrived at the launch site. [7] However, the launch has been postponed to Spring 2025 due to cost, schedule and technical issues involved with the mission's New Glenn launch vehicle, which was set to debut with the launch of these ...
[4]: p. 5 The fixed and erasable memory were constructed similarly so the ratio between fixed and erasable memory was variable. It was an 18-bit machine, with 17 magnitude bits and a sign bit. The addresses were 13 bits long; MSB indicated index addressing. Data words were two's complement and in fixed-point form.