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Philosophical realism—usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters—is the view that a certain kind of thing (ranging widely from abstract objects like numbers to moral statements to the physical world itself) has mind-independent existence, i.e. that it exists even in the absence of any mind perceiving it or that its existence is not just a ...
Direct realism, also known as naïve realism, argues we perceive the world directly. In the philosophy of perception and philosophy of mind, direct or naïve realism, as opposed to indirect or representational realism, are differing models that describe the nature of conscious experiences; [1] [2] out of the metaphysical question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself ...
Anti-realism is the latest in a long series of terms for views opposed to realism. Perhaps the first was idealism , so called because reality was said to be in the mind, or a product of our ideas . Berkeleyan idealism is the view, propounded by the Irish empiricist George Berkeley , that the objects of perception are actually ideas in the mind.
Naïve realism argues we perceive the world directly. In philosophy of perception and epistemology, naïve realism (also known as direct realism or perceptual realism) is the idea that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are. [1] When referred to as direct realism, naïve realism is often contrasted with ...
The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism (Persian: اصول فلسفه و روش رئالیسم) is a book containing of 14 articles by Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai on Islamic philosophy and Epistemology which has been published in 5 volumes.
In philosophy and specifically metaphysics, the theory of Forms or theory of Ideas, [1] [2] [3] also known as Platonic idealism or Platonic realism, is a theory widely credited to the Classical Greek philosopher Plato. The theory suggests that the physical world is not as real or true as Forms.
Irrealism was initially motivated by the debate between phenomenalism and physicalism in epistemology. [2] Rather than viewing either as prior to the other, Goodman described them both as alternative "world-versions", both useful in some circumstances, but neither capable of capturing the other in an entirely satisfactory way, a point he emphasizes with examples from psychology. [3]
Constructive realism is a branch of philosophy, specifically the philosophy of science. It was developed in the late 1950s by Jane Loevinger and elaborated in the 1980s by Friedrich Wallner (also Fritz Wallner) in Vienna. In his paper abstract on constructive realism, Wallner describes it as follows: