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Video random-access memory (VRAM) is dedicated computer memory used to store the pixels and other graphics data as a framebuffer to be rendered on a computer monitor. [1] It often uses a different technology than other computer memory, in order to be read quickly for display on a screen.
Memory timings or RAM timings describe the timing information of a memory module or the onboard LPDDRx. Due to the inherent qualities of VLSI and microelectronics, memory chips require time to fully execute commands. Executing commands too quickly will result in data corruption and results in system instability.
Dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) is a dual-ported RAM variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the Framebuffer in Graphics card, . Dual-ported RAM allows the CPU to read and write data to memory as if it were a conventional DRAM chip, while adding a second port that reads out data.
The PS4 contains a total of 8 GB (16 × 0.5 GB (512 MiB) for CUH10XX/CUH11XX models or 8 x 1 GB (1024 MiB) for CUH12XX models memory chips [51]) of GDDR5 unified system memory, and is capable of running at a maximum clock frequency of 2.75 GHz (5500 MT/s) with a maximum bandwidth of 176 GB/s. [46] [52] This is 16 times the amount of total RAM ...
The SK Hynix chips were expected to have a transfer rate of 14–16 Gbit/s. [4] The first graphics cards to use SK Hynix's GDDR6 RAM were expected to use 12 GB of RAM with a 384-bit memory bus, yielding a bandwidth of 768 GB/s. [3] SK Hynix began mass production in February 2018, with 8 Gbit chips and a data rate of 14 Gbit/s per pin. [14]
Intel Xe expands upon the microarchitectural overhaul introduced in Gen 11 with a full refactor of the instruction set architecture. [19] [4] While Xe is a family of architectures, each variant has significant differences from each other as these are made with their targets in mind.
On February 20, 2013, it was announced that the PlayStation 4 would use sixteen 4 Gb GDDR5 memory chips for a total of 8 GB of GDDR5 @ 176 Gbit/s (CK 1.375 GHz and WCK 2.75 GHz) as combined system and graphics RAM for use with its AMD-powered system on a chip comprising 8 Jaguar cores, 1152 GCN shader processors and AMD TrueAudio. [16]
The DDR3 standard permits DRAM chip capacities of up to 8 gigabits (Gbit) (so 1 gigabyte by DRAM chip), and up to four ranks of 64 Gbit each for a total maximum of 16 gigabytes (GB) per DDR3 DIMM. Because of a hardware limitation not fixed until Ivy Bridge-E in 2013, most older Intel CPUs only support up to 4-Gbit chips for 8 GB DIMMs (Intel's ...