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  2. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    Historically, the distinction is based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume (assuming no change in temperature or air pressure) and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume (assuming ...

  3. Chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

    Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.

  4. Phase (matter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

    In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water.

  5. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Semicrystalline: A solid state in complex organic chemistry where molecules are packed in a regular order but have substantial local disorder. Different structural phases of polymorphic materials are considered to be different states of matter in the Landau theory. For an example, see Ice § Phases. Liquid: A mostly non-compressible fluid. Able ...

  6. Matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

    Matter is a general term describing any physical substance, which is sometimes defined in incompatible ways in different fields of science. Some definitions are based on historical usage from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass from simply a quantity of matter.

  7. Conservation of mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass

    The interpretation of the continuity equation for mass is the following: For a given closed surface in the system, the change, over any time interval, of the mass enclosed by the surface is equal to the mass that traverses the surface during that time interval: positive if the matter goes in and negative if the matter goes out.

  8. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter : solid , liquid , and gas , and in rare cases, plasma .

  9. Organic matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter

    Larger molecules of organic matter can be formed from the polymerization of different parts of already broken down matter. [citation needed] The composition of natural organic matter depends on its origin, transformation mode, age, and existing environment, thus its bio-physicochemical functions and properties vary with different environments. [4]