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Every positive integer greater than 1 is either the product of two or more integer factors greater than 1, in which case it is called a composite number, or it is not, in which case it is called a prime number. For example, 15 is a composite number because 15 = 3 · 5, but 7 is a prime number because it cannot be decomposed in this way.
In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind. For example, 3 × 5 is an integer factorization of 15, and (x – 2) (x + 2) is a polynomial ...
Decomposition paradigm. A decomposition paradigm in computer programming is a strategy for organizing a program as a number of parts, and usually implies a specific way to organize a program text. Typically the aim of using a decomposition paradigm is to optimize some metric related to program complexity, for example a program's modularity or ...
In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is one that asks for a solution in terms of an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring. "Given a positive integer n, find a nontrivial prime factor of n." is a computational problem that has a solution, as there are many known integer factorization algorithms.
Factoring is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance in which a business sells its accounts receivable (i.e., invoices) to a third party (called a factor) at a discount. [1][2][3] A business will sometimes factor its receivable assets to meet its present and immediate cash needs. [4][5] Forfaiting is a factoring arrangement used in ...
Factorization of polynomials. In mathematics and computer algebra, factorization of polynomials or polynomial factorization expresses a polynomial with coefficients in a given field or in the integers as the product of irreducible factors with coefficients in the same domain. Polynomial factorization is one of the fundamental components of ...
Euler 's factorization method is a technique for factoring a number by writing it as a sum of two squares in two different ways. For example the number can be written as or as and Euler's method gives the factorization . The idea that two distinct representations of an odd positive integer may lead to a factorization was apparently first ...
Pollard's rho algorithm. Pollard's rho algorithm is an algorithm for integer factorization. It was invented by John Pollard in 1975. [1] It uses only a small amount of space, and its expected running time is proportional to the square root of the smallest prime factor of the composite number being factorized.