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Absorbed dose is a physical quantity, and is not a satisfactory indicator of biological effect, so to allow consideration of the stochastic radiological risk, the dose quantities equivalent dose and effective dose were devised by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and the ICRP to calculate the biological ...
To represent stochastic risk the dose quantities equivalent dose H T and effective dose E are used, and appropriate dose factors and coefficients are used to calculate these from the absorbed dose. [8] Equivalent and effective dose quantities are expressed in units of the sievert or rem which implies that biological effects have been taken into ...
The NRC's definition of dose equivalent is "the product of the absorbed dose in tissue, quality factor, and all other necessary modifying factors at the location of interest." However, it is apparent from their definition of effective dose equivalent that "all other necessary modifying factors" excludes the tissue weighting factor. [ 17 ]
Equivalent dose and effective dose are measured in sieverts (Sv). [4] Dose quantities used in radiation protection. For example, suppose a person's small intestine and stomach are both exposed to radiation separately. [2] The absorbed dose of small intestine is 100 mSv and the absorbed dose of stomach is 70 mSv.
H T is the equivalent dose absorbed by tissue T, D T,R is the absorbed dose in tissue T by radiation type R and W R is the radiation weighting factor defined by regulation. Thus for example, an absorbed dose of 1 Gy by alpha particles will lead to an equivalent dose of 20 Sv.
To enable consideration of stochastic health risk, calculations are performed to convert the physical quantity absorbed dose into equivalent and effective doses, the details of which depend on the radiation type and biological context. [7]
That model calculates an effective radiation dose, measured in units of rem, which is more representative of the stochastic risk than the absorbed dose in rad. In most power plant scenarios, where the radiation environment is dominated by X-or gamma rays applied uniformly to the whole body, 1 rad of absorbed dose gives 1 rem of effective dose. [5]
To represent stochastic risk the equivalent dose H T and effective dose E are used, and appropriate dose factors and coefficients are used to calculate these from the absorbed dose. [13] Equivalent and effective dose quantities are expressed in units of the sievert or rem which implies that biological effects have been taken into account.