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Aponeurotic and congenital ptosis may require surgical correction if severe enough to interfere with the vision or if appearance is a concern. Treatment depends on the type of ptosis and is usually performed by an ophthalmic plastic surgeon or a reconstructive surgeon specializing in diseases and eyelid problems.
There are also several abnormal cranial nerve synkineses, both acquired and congenital. Marcus Gunn jaw-winking is an example of a pathologic congenital synkinesis. First described by the ophthalmologist Marcus Gunn in 1883, [3] this condition presents in approximately 5% of neonates with congenital ptosis.
Blepharophimosis forms a part of blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES), also called blepharophimosis syndrome, which is an autosomal dominant condition characterised by blepharophimosis, ptosis (upper eyelid drooping), epicanthus inversus (skin folds by the nasal bridge, more prominent lower than upper lid) and telecanthus (widening of the distance between the inner ...
The ptosis of Horner syndrome can be quite mild or barely noticeable (partial ptosis). [7] When anisocoria occurs and the examiner is unsure whether the abnormal pupil is the constricted or dilated one, if a one-sided ptosis is present then the abnormally sized pupil can be presumed to be on the side of the ptosis. [citation needed]
Blepharophimosis-ptosis-esotropia-syndactyly-short stature syndrome is a very rare genetic and congenital disorder which is characterized by blepharophimosis, ptosis, V-esotropia, foot syndactyly, extra-ocular and frontal muscles weakness, low height/short stature, prognathism, and synophrys.
Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles is a class of rare genetic disorders affecting one or more of the muscles that move the eyeballs. Individuals with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) have varying degrees of ophthalmoplegia (an inability to move the eyes in one or more directions) and ptosis .
Dermatochalasis is caused by a loss of elasticity in the connective tissue supporting the structure of the front portion of the eyelid. [3] Normally, in Caucasians, the orbicularis muscle and overlying skin form a crease near the tarsal border. [3]
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome (SCS), also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type III, is a rare congenital disorder associated with craniosynostosis (premature closure of one or more of the sutures between the bones of the skull). This affects the shape of the head and face, resulting in a cone-shaped head and an asymmetrical face.