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In multivariable calculus, an initial value problem [a] (IVP) is an ordinary differential equation together with an initial condition which specifies the value of the unknown function at a given point in the domain. Modeling a system in physics or other sciences frequently amounts to
In numerical analysis, the shooting method is a method for solving a boundary value problem by reducing it to an initial value problem.It involves finding solutions to the initial value problem for different initial conditions until one finds the solution that also satisfies the boundary conditions of the boundary value problem.
Stiff problems are ubiquitous in chemical kinetics, control theory, solid mechanics, weather forecasting, biology, plasma physics, and electronics. One way to overcome stiffness is to extend the notion of differential equation to that of differential inclusion , which allows for and models non-smoothness.
For the equation and initial value problem: ′ = (,), = if and / are continuous in a closed rectangle = [, +] [, +] in the plane, where and are real (symbolically: ,) and denotes the Cartesian product, square brackets denote closed intervals, then there is an interval = [, +] [, +] for some where the solution to the above equation and initial ...
In mathematics and computational science, the Euler method (also called the forward Euler method) is a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a given initial value.
Here + is the RK4 approximation of (+), and the next value (+) is determined by the present value plus the weighted average of four increments, where each increment is the product of the size of the interval, h, and an estimated slope specified by function f on the right-hand side of the differential equation.
For instance, the differential equation dy / dt = y 2 with initial condition y(0) = 1 has the solution y(t) = 1/(1-t), which is not defined at t = 1. Nevertheless, if f is a differentiable function defined over a compact subset of R n, then the initial value problem has a unique solution defined over the entire R. [6]
The boundary value problem solver's performance suffers from this. Even stable and well-conditioned ODEs may make for unstable and ill-conditioned BVPs. A slight alteration of the initial value guess y 0 may generate an extremely large step in the ODEs solution y(t b; t a, y 0) and thus in the values of the function F whose root is sought. Non ...