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Aerial roots of a maize landrace grown in nitrogen-depleted soils in the Sierra Mixe, ... A landrace is a domesticated, locally adapted, [2] [3] [4] ...
Zea is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family.The best-known species is Z. mays (variously called maize, corn, or Indian corn), one of the most important crops for human societies throughout much of the world.
Switzerland has a broad genetic diversity of maize landraces, which are also distinguishable to the genetic pools of neighbouring countries. Technically, the landraces such as the Rheintaler landrace are not separated and independent varieties but a collection or pool of maize plant populations grown in the same region.
Sierra Mixe corn is a traditional variety of maize grown in the Sierra Mixe region of Mexico, especially the town of Totontepec Villa de Morelos. It is known locally as olotón and has been grown by indigenous farmers for thousands of years.
Totontepec is home to an unusual landrace of maize, locally known as "olotón", but more commonly described in the English-speaking world as "Sierra Mixe". This corn grows aerial roots secreting sugary mucus to feed nitrogen-fixing bacteria, fertilizing itself to thrive in the poor local soil in exchange.
In some maize genotypes, nitrogen deficiency reduces the number of emerged roots per whorl, [46] although crown versus brace root whorls were not distinguished. In a separate study, nitrogen deficiency was shown to induce steeper brace root angles, [ 47 ] which is an outcome of altering the gravitropic response in the elongation stage.
Farmers have used traditional breeding methods for millennia, wild maize (Zea mexicana) is routinely grown alongside maize to promote natural crossing and improve yields. More recently, plant breeders have utilised CWR genes to improve a wide range of crops like rice ( Oryza sativa ), tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and grain legumes .
Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in Gaillac, France. The lists of cultivars in the table below are indices of plant cultivars, varieties, and strains.A cultivar is a plant that is selected for desirable characteristics that can be maintained by propagation.