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The Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for Disordered Speech, commonly abbreviated extIPA / ɛ k ˈ s t aɪ p ə /, [1] are a set of letters and diacritics devised by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association to augment the International Phonetic Alphabet for the phonetic transcription of disordered speech.
The tongue lies low in the mouth or oral cavity and is typically forwarded between upper and lower teeth. If tongue thrust behavior is not corrected, it may affect the normal dental development. The teeth may be pushed around in different directions during the growth of permanent teeth.
Interdental lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue protrudes between the front teeth and dentalized lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue just touches the front teeth. The transcription in the International Phonetic Alphabet for interdental sibilants is [s̪͆] and [z̪͆] and for simple dental sibilants is [s̟] and [z̟].
Oral-Motor Exam: An exam of the mouth and muscles involved in speech (e.g., lips, tongue, jaw) helps determine if there are any structural or motor problems causing the disorder. Cause Identification: Based on the results, the SLP determines the likely cause of the speech sound disorder.
Vowels pronounced with the tongue lowered are at the bottom, and vowels pronounced with the tongue raised are at the top. For example, [ɑ] (the first vowel in father) is at the bottom because the tongue is lowered in this position. [i] (the vowel in "meet") is at the top because the sound is said with the tongue raised to the roof of the mouth.
The farther back the point of contact with the roof of the mouth, the more concave is the shape of the tongue, and the duller (lower pitched) is the sound, with subapical consonants being the most extreme. The main combinations normally observed are: Laminal post-alveolar, with a flat tongue. These occur, for example, in Polish cz, sz, ż (rz ...
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Dentolabial consonants are the articulatory opposite of labiodentals: They are pronounced by contacting lower teeth against the upper lip. The diacritic for dentolabial in the extensions of the IPA for disordered speech is a superscript bridge, ͆ , by analogy with the subscript bridge used for labiodentals: thus m͆ p͆ b͆ f͆ v͆ .