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The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is a species of highly venomous snake belonging to the family Elapidae.It is native to parts of sub-Saharan Africa.First formally described by Albert Günther in 1864, it is the second-longest venomous snake after the king cobra; mature specimens generally exceed 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and commonly grow to 3 m (9.8 ft).
The three green species of mambas are arboreal, whereas the black mamba is largely terrestrial. All four species are active diurnal hunters, preying on birds, lizards, and small mammals. At nightfall some species, especially the terrestrial black mamba, shelter in a lair. A mamba may retain the same lair for years.
Similar to the venom of most other mambas, the western green mamba's contains predominantly three-finger toxin agents. The exception is the black mamba, whose venom lacks the potent alpha-neurotoxin as well. It is thought this may reflect the species' preferred prey—small mammals for the mainly land-dwelling black mamba, versus birds for the ...
Standard first aid treatment for any bite from a snake suspected to be venomous is the application of a pressure bandage, minimisation of the victim's movement, and rapid conveyance to a hospital or clinic. Due to the neurotoxic nature of green mamba venom, an arterial tourniquet may be beneficial. [37]
[17] [18] The venom of the black mamba is a protein of low molecular weight and as a result is able to spread rapidly within the bitten tissue. The venom of this species is the most rapid-acting venom of any snake species [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] and consists mainly of highly potent neurotoxins ; [ 22 ] [ 23 ] it also contains cardiotoxins , [ 24 ...
Two isoforms were originally described, called mambalgin-1 and mambalgin-2, which differ by a single amino acid residue. [2] A third variant which differs by a single residue at another site, has subsequently been reported from venom profiling of the Eastern green mamba (Dendroaspis augusticeps). [4] [5]
The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is generally considered to be one of the deadliest snakes on the planet, [2] [3] and is responsible for many fatalities throughout its sub-Saharan Africa range. Without treatment, the bite of a black mamba causes a 100% mortality rate. [4] The venom of the black mamba consists of more than 28 peptides ...
Adder. Common adder; Death Adder; Desert death adder; Horned adder; Long-nosed adder; Many-horned adder; Mountain adder; Mud adder; Namaqua dwarf adder; Peringuey's adder