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Helium-4 and helium-3 both form several crystalline solid phases, all requiring at least 25 bar. They both form an α phase, which has a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure, a β phase, which is face-centered cubic (fcc), and a γ phase, which is body-centered cubic (bcc). [112]
This substance could be a way to store helium in a solid. [97] La 2/3-x Li 3x TiO 3 He is a porous lithium ion conduction perovskite that can contain helium like a clathrate. [33] Helium is predicted to be included under pressure in ionic compounds of the form A 2 B or AB 2. These compounds could include Na 2 OHe, MgF 2 He (over 107 GPa) and ...
Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures.Liquid helium may show superfluidity.. At standard pressure, the chemical element helium exists in a liquid form only at the extremely low temperature of −269 °C (−452.20 °F; 4.15 K).
The total spin of the helium-4 nucleus is an integer (zero), making it a boson. The superfluid behavior is a manifestation of Bose–Einstein condensation, which occurs only in collections of bosons. It is theorized that at 0.2 K and 50 atm, solid helium-4 may be a superglass (an amorphous solid exhibiting superfluidity). [1] [2] [3]
In a string-net liquid, atoms have apparently unstable arrangement, like a liquid, but are still consistent in overall pattern, like a solid. When in a normal solid state, the atoms of matter align themselves in a grid pattern, so that the spin of any electron is the opposite of the spin of all electrons touching it.
Each atom of helium-4 is a boson particle, by virtue of its integer spin. A helium-3 atom is a fermion particle; it can form bosons only by pairing with another particle like itself, which occurs at much lower temperatures. The discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 was the basis for the award of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics. [1]
A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).
The lightness and low density is due primarily to the large proportion of air within the solid and not the silicon construction materials. [18] Taking advantage of this, SEAgel, in the same family as aerogel but made from agar, can be filled with helium gas to create a solid which floats when placed in an open top container filled with a dense ...