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Several 19th-century European doll companies preceded American doll companies in manufacturing Black dolls. These predecessors include Carl Bergner of Germany, who made a three-faced doll with one face of a crying black child and the other two, happier white faces. In 1892, Jumeau of Paris advertised Black and mixed-race dolls with bisque heads ...
Hurricane Katrina marked a major event in American as well as African American history. Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005, forcing more than 800,000 people to evacuate the Gulf Coast. It was the largest displacement of people in US history and the situation quickly took on a national scope as 45 states provided disaster relief services.
Named for the daughter of Abraham Katz, the head of the company, [3] the doll's special feature was simulating urination after a fluid was poured into her open mouth. [1] Betsy Wetsy was also one of the first major dolls to be produced in African American versions. [1]
The price at the time for an Ella Smith doll ranged from $1.15 to $12.15 depending on size, clothing and hair. A tenth of her dolls were painted black to resemble African American girls. She was likely the first manufacturer to market dolls based on people of African descent in the Southern United States.
Her designs include the "First Black Barbie" (1979-1980) the first African American doll from Mattel to have the name Barbie and not be a friend of Barbie but Barbie herself, "Shani and Friends" (1991) a short-lived line of African-American dolls, "Holiday Barbie" (1988, 1989, 1990, 1996), "Fashion Savvy Barbie" (1997), "Bathtime Barbie" and ...
Ideal, via the Betsy Wetsy doll, was also one of the first doll manufacturers to produce an African American version of a popular doll. [32] In 2003, the Toy Industry Association named Betsy Wetsy to its Century of Toys List, a compilation commemorating the 100 most memorable and most creative toys of the 20th century.