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  2. Null hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis

    A possible null hypothesis is that the mean male score is the same as the mean female score: H 0: μ 1 = μ 2. where H 0 = the null hypothesis, μ 1 = the mean of population 1, and μ 2 = the mean of population 2. A stronger null hypothesis is that the two samples have equal variances and shapes of their respective distributions.

  3. Type I and type II errors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_and_type_II_errors

    The alternative hypothesis corresponds to the position against the defendant. Specifically, the null hypothesis also involves the absence of a difference or the absence of an association. Thus, the null hypothesis can never be that there is a difference or an association.

  4. Null distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_distribution

    Null distribution is a tool scientists often use when conducting experiments. The null distribution is the distribution of two sets of data under a null hypothesis. If the results of the two sets of data are not outside the parameters of the expected results, then the null hypothesis is said to be true. Null and alternative distribution

  5. Hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis

    In statistical hypothesis testing, two hypotheses are compared. These are called the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the hypothesis that states that there is no relation between the phenomena whose relation is under investigation, or at least not of the form given by the alternative hypothesis.

  6. Falsifiability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability

    Some adherents of young-Earth creationism make an argument (called the Omphalos hypothesis after the Greek word for navel) that the world was created with the appearance of age; e.g., the sudden appearance of a mature chicken capable of laying eggs. This ad hoc hypothesis introduced into young-Earth creationism is unfalsifiable because it says ...

  7. Power (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(statistics)

    We define two hypotheses the null hypothesis, and the alternative hypothesis. If we design the test such that α is the significance level - being the probability of rejecting H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} when H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} is in fact true, then the power of the test is 1 - β where β is the probability of failing to reject H 0 ...

  8. Test statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_statistic

    The null hypothesis is that it does. Chi-squared tests of independence are used for deciding whether two variables are associated or are independent. The variables are categorical rather than numeric. It can be used to decide whether left-handedness is correlated with height (or not). The null hypothesis is that the variables are independent.

  9. Null result - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_result

    In science, a null result is a result without the expected content: that is, the proposed result is absent. [1] It is an experimental outcome which does not show an otherwise expected effect. This does not imply a result of zero or nothing, simply a result that does not support the hypothesis .