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  2. Young Ottomans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Ottomans

    The Young Ottomans (Ottoman Turkish: یکی عثمانلیلر, romanized: Yeŋî ʿOs̱mânlıler; Turkish: Yeni Osmanlılar [1]) were a secret society established in 1865 by a group of Ottoman intellectuals who were dissatisfied with the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire, which they believed did not go far enough. [2]

  3. Namık Kemal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namık_Kemal

    Namık Kemal (Ottoman Turkish: نامق كمال, romanized: Nâmıḳ Kemâl, pronounced [ˈnaː.mɯk ce.ˈmal]; 21 December 1840 – 2 December 1888) was an Ottoman writer, poet, democrat, [2] [3] [4] intellectual, reformer, journalist, playwright, and political activist who was influential in the formation of the Young Ottomans and their struggle for governmental reform in the Ottoman ...

  4. Young Turks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks

    The term "Young Turks" comes from the French Jeunes Turcs, which international observers tagged various Ottoman reformers of the 19th century.Historian Roderic Davison states that there was not a consistent ideological application of the term; statesmen which wished to resurrect the Janissary corp and derebeys, conservative reformers of Mahmud II, and pro-Western reformers of Abdul Mejid, are ...

  5. Committee of Union and Progress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and...

    Though moral was low, Ahmet Rıza, who returned to Paris, was the sole leader of the exiled Young Turks network. [45] [29] In 1899, members of the Ottoman dynasty Damat Mahmud Pasha and his sons Sabahaddin and Lütfullah fled to Europe to join the Young Turks.

  6. List of Young Turks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Young_Turks

    Despite the name Young Turks, followers were diverse in their religious and ethnic origins, [3] [4] [5] and some were not from the Ottoman Empire. Aside from Turks, members and supporters were mostly Albanians, Circassians, Kurds, Armenians, Greeks, Jews, and Arabs. [6] [7] [8] [9]

  7. Ottomanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottomanism

    The idea of Ottomanism originated amongst the Young Ottomans (founded in 1865) in concepts such as the acceptance of all separate ethnicities in the Empire regardless of their religion, i.e., all were to be "Ottomans" with equal rights. In other words, Ottomanism held that all subjects were equal before the law.

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  9. Ziya Pasha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziya_Pasha

    From 1865, he was a leading member of the reformist secret society known as the Young Ottomans. In 1867, he went with Namık Kemal to Paris and London, where he published a newspaper called Hürriyet (Freedom). His return to the Ottoman Empire was followed by tenures as governor of Cyprus, Amasya, Konya, Aleppo, and Adana, where he died in 1880.