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Having green, yellow, or thickened phlegm (sputum) does not always indicate the presence of an infection. Also, if an infection is present, the color of the phlegm (sputum) does not determine whether a virus, a bacterium or another pathogen has caused it. Simple allergies can also cause changes in the color of the mucus. [1]
Also known as phlegm, mucus is made up of mostly water, but it also contains "remnants of skin-lining cells (epithelial cells), antimicrobial enzymes, proteins and inorganic salts," explains Nasseri.
Along with a runny nose and sore throat, green phlegm is another cold-like symptom of COVID-19. Interestingly, the color of the mucus is an important indicator when it comes to infection. Normally ...
If you experience difficulty breathing, develop a severe cough, notice thick green or yellow mucus, run a fever, and/or feel extremely fatigued. If your symptoms worsen instead of improve over time.
Its color can vary from transparent to pale or dark yellow and green, from light to dark brown, and even to dark grey depending on the contents. [1] The body naturally produces about 1 quart (about 1 litre) of phlegm every day to capture and clear substances in the air and bacteria from the nose and throat.
In general, nasal mucus is clear and thin, serving to filter air during inhalation. During times of infection, mucus can change color to yellow or green either as a result of trapped bacteria [24] or due to the body's reaction to viral infection. For example, Staphylococcus aureus infection may turn the mucus yellow. [25]
Whereas phlegm is specifically a thick, sticky, stringy mucus secreted by the mucous membrane. It would seem phlegm is just one form of sputum. I followed the link on this page to the article on "Sputum." The phlegm article states that sputum is phlegm that has been expectorated, and also that mucus and phlegm are not the same thing.
It is also thick over the nasal septum where increased numbers of goblet cells produce a greater amount of nasal mucus. It is very thin in the meatuses on the floor of the nasal cavities, and in the various sinuses. It is one of the most commonly infected tissues in adults and children.