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C11 (previously C1X, formally ISO/IEC 9899:2011), [1] is a past standard for the C programming language. ... Variable-length arrays [15] __STDC_NO_VLA__ Mandatory
In C99, the length parameter must come before the variable-length array parameter in function calls. [1] In C11, a __STDC_NO_VLA__ macro is defined if VLA is not supported. [6] The C23 standard makes VLA types mandatory again. Only creation of VLA objects with automatic storage duration is optional. [7]
C99 and C11 added several additional features to C that have not been incorporated into standard C++ as of C++20, such as complex numbers, variable length arrays (complex numbers and variable length arrays are designated as optional extensions in C11), flexible array members, the restrict keyword, array parameter qualifiers, and compound literals.
For every type T, except void and function types, there exist the types "array of N elements of type T". An array is a collection of values, all of the same type, stored contiguously in memory. An array of size N is indexed by integers from 0 up to and including N−1. Here is a brief example:
Array types in C are traditionally of a fixed, static size specified at compile time. The more recent C99 standard also allows a form of variable-length arrays. However, it is also possible to allocate a block of memory (of arbitrary size) at run-time, using the standard library's malloc function, and treat it as an array.
C99 standardised variable-length arrays (VLAs) within block scope. Such array variables are allocated based on the value of an integer value at runtime upon entry to a block, and are deallocated at the end of the block. [3] As of C11 this feature is no longer required to be implemented by the compiler.
Several new core language features, including static array indices, designated initializers, compound literals, variable-length arrays, flexible array members, variadic macros, and restrict keyword Several new library headers, including stdint.h , <tgmath.h> , fenv.h , <complex.h>
variable-length arrays (although subsequently relegated in C11 to a conditional feature that implementations are not required to support) flexible array members; support for one-line comments beginning with //, as in BCPL, C++ and Java; new library functions, such as snprintf; new headers, such as <stdbool.h>, <complex.h>, <tgmath.h>, and ...