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  2. Congruent number problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruent_number

    However, in the form that every congruum (the difference between consecutive elements in an arithmetic progression of three squares) is non-square, it was already known (without proof) to Fibonacci. [4] Every congruum is a congruent number, and every congruent number is a product of a congruum and the square of a rational number. [5]

  3. Square-free integer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square-free_integer

    An integer is square-free if and only if it is equal to its radical. Every positive integer can be represented in a unique way as the product of a powerful number (that is an integer such that is divisible by the square of every prime factor) and a square-free integer, which are coprime.

  4. Glossary of number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_number_theory

    square-free integer A square-free integer is an integer that is not divisible by any square other than 1. square number A square number is an integer that is the square of an integer. For example, 4 and 9 are squares, but 10 is not a square. Szpiro Szpiro's conjecture is, in a modified form, equivalent to the abc conjecture.

  5. Stark–Heegner theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark–Heegner_theorem

    It solves a special case of Gauss's class number problem of determining the number of imaginary quadratic fields that have a given fixed class number. Let Q denote the set of rational numbers, and let d be a square-free integer. The field Q(√ d) is a quadratic extension of Q.

  6. Square-free element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square-free_element

    In mathematics, a square-free element is an element r of a unique factorization domain R that is not divisible by a non-trivial square. This means that every s such that s 2 ∣ r {\displaystyle s^{2}\mid r} is a unit of R .

  7. Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_and_Swinnerton-Dyer...

    Let n be an odd square-free integer. Assuming the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, n is the area of a right triangle with rational side lengths (a congruent number) if and only if the number of triplets of integers (x, y, z) satisfying 2x 2 + y 2 + 8z 2 = n is twice the number of triplets satisfying 2x 2 + y 2 + 32z 2 = n.

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