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2. Geographic information system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Information_System

   Basic GIS concept. A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [1] [2] Much of this often happens within a spatial database; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [1]

3. Data model (GIS) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_model_(GIS)

   Because the world is much more complex than can be represented in a computer, all geospatial data are incomplete approximations of the world. [9] Thus, most geospatial data models encode some form of strategy for collecting a finite sample of an often infinite domain, and a structure to organize the sample in such a way as to enable interpolation of the nature of the unsampled portion.

4. GIS file format - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS_file_format

   A GIS file format is a standard for encoding geographical information into a computer file, as a specialized type of file format for use in geographic information systems (GIS) and other geospatial applications. Since the 1970s, dozens of formats have been created based on various data models for various purposes

5. List of GIS data sources - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GIS_data_sources

   This is a list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial databases for purposes of geospatial analysis and cartographic mapping. This list categorizes the sources of interest.

6. Geographic information system software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information...

   A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important.

7. Geodatabase (Esri) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodatabase_(Esri)

   A Geodatabase is a proprietary GIS file format developed in the late 1990s by Esri (a GIS software vendor) to represent, store, and organize spatial datasets within a geographic information system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A geodatabase is both a logical data model and the physical implementation of that logical model in several proprietary file formats ...