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Apollo 8 (December 21–27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave Earth's gravitational sphere of influence, and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon.The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing and then returned to Earth.
In addition, the three-person crews of Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 also entered lunar orbit, and the crew of Apollo 13 looped around the Moon on a free-return trajectory. All nine crewed missions to the Moon took place as part of the Apollo program over a period of just under four years, from 21 December 1968 to 19 December 1972.
The Apollo 8 crew. Left to right: Lovell, William Anders and Frank Borman. The Apollo 8 1968 Christmas Eve broadcast and reading from the Book of Genesis while in lunar orbit. Lovell was originally chosen as command module pilot (CMP) on the backup crew for Apollo 9 along with Armstrong as commander (CDR) and Aldrin as lunar module pilot (LMP).
Anders was the "rookie" on the crew, alongside Frank Borman, the mission commander, and James Lovell, who had flown with Borman on Gemini 7 in 1965 and later commanded the ill-fated Apollo 13.
Apollo 8 crew holding replica Collier Trophy. Borman, along with his Gemini 7 crewmate Lovell and the Gemini 6 crew, received the 1965 Harmon Trophy. [148] [149] He and Lovell were awarded the trophy a second time for the Apollo 8 mission in 1968.
William Anders, a NASA astronaut who was part of the Apollo 8 crew who became the first three people to circle the moon, has died in a plane crash. William Anders, a NASA astronaut who was part of ...
Pictured here from left to right are Frank Borman, commander of 3-man Apollo 8 crew, William A. Anders and James A. Lovell, Jr. on December 21, 1968, before their orbital flight around the moon. - AP
Never launched. On January 27, 1967, a fire in the command module during a launch pad test killed the crew and destroyed the module. This flight was originally designated AS-204, and was renamed to Apollo 1 at the request of the crew's families. [1] [8] [18] [19] [20] Apollo 7: October 11, 1968, 15:02 GMT Launch Complex 34. Wally Schirra Donn F ...