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The European Union describes its values as being 'Human Dignity, Freedom, Democracy, Equality, Rule of Law, and Human Rights'. [48] Democracy is a cornerstone of the project that is the European Union, and has been since its inception. It thus also represents a criterion for accession to the EU.
The European Union (EU) has been characterised as lacking in a traditional government-opposition divide. This deficiency plays into the wider question of the EU's democratic legitimacy . Scholars have argued that due to the lack of legitimate avenues to voice "issue-orientated, policy-motivated" [ 3 ] opposition within the EU, actors voice ...
EU Member states must not allow or assist businesses ("undertakings" in EU jargon) to infringe European Union competition law. [116] As the European Union is made up of independent member states , both competition policy and the creation of the European single market could be rendered ineffective were member states free to support national ...
Article 49 (formerly Article O) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) [4] or Maastricht Treaty states that any European country that respects the principles of the EU may apply to join. Countries' classification as European is "subject to political assessment" [ 5 ] by the Commission and, more importantly, the European Council .
The Draghi report is a 2024 report addressing European competitiveness and the future of the European Union. Authored by former ECB president and former Prime Minister of Italy Mario Draghi , it was one of two widely anticipated reports on EU reforms in 2024, together with the Letta report on the EU internal market . [ 1 ]
There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.
To put it simply, in the most powerful democracy in the world, two of the nation’s last four leaders have been the less popular option among voters – due to an Electoral College system that ...
Vertical direct effect concerns the relationship between EU law and national law – specifically, the state's obligation to ensure its observance and its compatibility with EU law, thereby enabling citizens to rely on it in actions against the state or against public bodies; an "emanation of the state" as defined in Foster v.