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The period between the Pacification of Ghent (8 November 1576), and the Unions of Arras (6 January 1579) and Utrecht (23 January 1579) constituted a crucial phase of the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568 –1648) between the Spanish Empire and the rebelling United Provinces, which would become the independent Dutch Republic.
The years 1579–1588 constituted a phase of the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568–1648) between the Spanish Empire and the United Provinces in revolt after most of them concluded the Union of Utrecht on 23 January 1579, and proceeded to carve the independent Dutch Republic out of the Habsburg Netherlands.
Scholars have somewhat differing views on the periodisation of this phase of the Eighty Years' War. Whereas Encarta Winkler Prins (2002) subsumed the 1579–1588 years into its larger "Second period: the rupture (1576–1588)", [11] and Mulder et al. (2008) into their even longer "The North on the way to autonomy, 1573–1588" period, [12] Groenveld (2009) regarded 1575/6–1579 as a separate ...
It is the greatest massacre in the history of the Low Countries. [ citation needed ] On 4 November 1576, mutinying Spanish tercios of the Army of Flanders began the sack of Antwerp , leading to three days of horror among the population of the city, which was the cultural, economic and financial center of the Low Countries .
The signing of the treaty for the Union of Utrecht, during the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648), was preceded by a whole series of unions, edicts and covenants. At the Union of Dordrecht , on 4 July 1575, William of Orange was appointed stadholder of Holland and Holland and Zeeland decided to cooperate.
The historiography of the Eighty Years' War examines how the Eighty Years' War has been viewed or interpreted throughout the centuries.Some of the main issues of contention between scholars include the name of the war (most notably "Eighty Years' War" versus "Dutch Revolt" [1]), the periodisation of the war (particularly when it started, which events to include or exclude, and whether the ...
The siege features prominently in two series of paintings about battles and sieges of the Eighty Years' War commissioned in the late 1590s by Archduke Albert, governor from the Spanish Netherlands, to commemorate military victories that highlighted the reputation of the Spanish Crown, and intended as a present
Groenveld (2009) regarded 1572–1576 as one of the most violent periods of the Eighty Years' War. [note 1] By contrast, the 1576–1579 phase represented 'three years of moderation'. [7] Mulder et al. (2008) chose a different periodisation for the years 1572 to 1576: "Oppression and resistance, 1567–1573" and "The North on the way to ...