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Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of water-stressed countries of any other place on the planet and of an estimated 800 million people who live in Africa, 300 million live in a water stressed environment. [5] In 2012, it was estimated that by 2030, 75 million to 250 million people in Africa will be living in areas of high water stress. [5]
The WHO (2006) stated that, in 2004, only 16% of people in sub-Saharan Africa had access to drinking water through a household connection (an indoor tap or a tap in the yard). Even when there is available water in these places, there is poor access to readily accessible drinking water as there are risks of contamination due to several factors.
The United Nations estimates that around 2.2 billion people worldwide don’t have access to safely managed drinking water. For many, that means working hard to get what they need .
It is estimated that in 2015, 19 million young people will be joining the sluggish job market in Sub-Saharan Africa and four million in North Africa. [1] The demand for jobs is expected to increase to 24.6 million annually in Sub-Saharan Africa and 4.3 million in North Africa by 2030, representing two thirds of global growth in demand for jobs.
[8]: 560 Many people in Sub-Saharan Africa are living with economic water scarcity. [10]: 11 There is enough freshwater available globally and averaged over the year to meet demand. As such, water scarcity is caused by a mismatch between when and where people need water, and when and where it is available. [11]
A further 1.6 billion people live in areas of economic water scarcity, where there is insufficient human capacity or financial resources for people to effectively make use of the water that is available. Here, sub-Saharan Africa is a good example; there is water in the rivers but no dams or pumps to enable people to use it. [3]
The DRC is the most water-rich country in Africa. It accounts for approximately 52 percent of Africa's surface water reserves and 23 percent of Africa's internal renewable water resources. [5] The internal renewable freshwater resources per capita were estimated at 14,406 m 3 /person/year in 2008. [6]
Sand and water on the side of the road, causing erosion on the environment Plastic bags dumped by the road side in Katete in mbarara district in western Uganda. The erosion caused by rains, rivers and winds as well as over-use of soils for agriculture and low use of manures have resulted in turning the soils infertile, as for example, in the plains of the Nile and the Orange River.