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EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic elongation factor responsible for catalyzing the binding of an aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome. It is a G-protein , and facilitates the selection and binding of an aa-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome.
EF-G (elongation factor G, historically known as translocase) is a prokaryotic elongation factor involved in mRNA translation. As a GTPase , EF-G catalyzes the movement (translocation) of transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) through the ribosome .
Elongation is the most rapid step in translation. [3] In bacteria , it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second). [ citation needed ] In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second).
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (eEF1a1) is a translation elongation protein, expressed across eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the EEF1A1 gene. [5] [6] This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha ...
The elongation phase starts once assembly of the elongation complex has been completed, and progresses until a termination sequence is encountered. [1] The post-initiation movement of RNA polymerase is the target of another class of important regulatory mechanisms.
Elongation may refer to: Elongation (astronomy) Elongation (geometry) Elongation (plasma physics) Part of transcription of DNA into RNA of all types, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, etc. Part of translation (biology) of mRNA into proteins; Elongated organisms; Elongation (mechanics), linear deformation
EF-Ts and EF-Tu dimer forming the elongation factor complex full structure The protein Qβ-Replicase is a tetrameric protein, meaning it contains four subunits. These subunits are the two elongation factors, EF-Tu & EF-Ts, the ribosomal protein subunit S1, and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase β-subunit.
Elongation of the polypeptide chain involves addition of amino acids to the carboxyl end of the growing chain. The growing protein exits the ribosome through the polypeptide exit tunnel in the large subunit. [10] Elongation starts when the fMet-tRNA enters the P site, causing a conformational change which opens the A site for the new aminoacyl ...