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The siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), a major rebellion against Roman rule in the province of Judaea.Led by Titus, the Roman forces besieged the city, which had become the stronghold of Jewish resistance.
Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital from Rome to Constantinople ("New Rome") c. 330, sometimes considered the start of the Byzantine Empire, and with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380, Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire. The Christian emperors persecuted their Jewish subjects and restricted their rights. [1]
The siege and the conquest of Jerusalem were a disaster for the Hasmonean Kingdom. Pompey reinstated Hyrcanus II as the High Priest but stripped him of his royal title. However, Rome later recognised him as an ethnarch in 47 BC. [17] Judea remained autonomous but was obliged to pay tribute and became dependent on the Roman administration in Syria.
Antony, who recognized that Antigonus would remain a permanent threat to Herod, had the Hasmonean beheaded in Antioch, the first time the Romans had executed a subjugated king. Herod also had 45 leading men of Antigonus' party executed. [6] [14] With the fall of Jerusalem, Herod's conquest of the kingdom was complete.
After the Roman conquest, Judaea became a client state: the monarchy was abolished, and Hyrcanus was reduced to serving solely as High Priest. [22] [24] Parts of the former kingdom were detached and incorporated into the province of Syria, likely in an attempt to weaken the Jewish population economically and pave the way for future annexation. [25]
Although the Arab conquest was relatively peaceful and did not cause widespread destruction, it did alter the country's demographics significantly. [153] Over the ensuing several centuries, the region experienced a drastic decline in its population, from an estimated 1 million during Roman and Byzantine times to some 300,000 by the early ...
The divisions of the Diocese of the East in late Roman Palestine, published 1715 by Willem Broedelet. Roman Palestine was a period in the history of Palestine characterised by Roman rule in the Palestine region, starting from the Hasmonean civil war 63 BC, up until either the end of the Second Temple Period with the First Roman-Jewish war in 70 CE, or the Early Muslim Conquest in the 7th ...
Since the Roman Republic's conquest of Judea in 63 BCE, the latter had maintained a system of semi-autonomous vassalage. The incorporation of the Roman province was enacted by the first Roman emperor , Augustus , after an appeal by the populace against the ill rule of Herod Archelaus (4 BCE – 6 CE).