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Biosimulation is becoming increasingly important for drug development. [1] Since on average only 11% of all drug candidates are approved, [2] it is anticipated that biosimulation may be the tool to predict whether a candidate drug will fail in the development process e.g. in clinical trials due to adverse side effects, bad pharmacokinetics or even toxicity.
How these numerical simulations are performed, is determined through a number of "Applications", which specify whether simulations will be deterministic or stochastic, and spatial or compartmental; multiple "Applications" can also specify initial concentrations, diffusion coefficients, flow rates and a variety of modeling assumptions.
Modelling biological systems is a significant task of systems biology and mathematical biology. [a] Computational systems biology [b] [1] aims to develop and use efficient algorithms, data structures, visualization and communication tools with the goal of computer modelling of biological systems.
A traditional model of a biological system will focus on capturing its most important parameters. In contrast, an alife modeling approach will generally seek to decipher the most simple and general principles underlying life and implement them in a simulation. The simulation then offers the possibility to analyse new and different lifelike systems.
In a simulation, given a starting vector (list of the values of the variables), the progression of the system is calculated by solving the equations at each time-frame in small increments. In analysis, the properties of the equations are used to investigate the behavior of the system depending on the values of the parameters and variables.
PhET Interactive Simulations is part of the University of Colorado Boulder which is a member of the Association of American Universities. [10] The team changes over time and has about 16 members consisting of professors, post-doctoral students, researchers, education specialists, software engineers (sometimes contractors), educators, and administrative assistants. [11]
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