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Oxygen-18 (18 O, Ω [1]) is a natural, stable isotope of oxygen and one of the environmental isotopes.. 18 O is an important precursor for the production of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) used in positron emission tomography (PET).
The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) or oxygen enhancement effect in radiobiology refers to the enhancement of therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen. This so-called oxygen effect [ 1 ] is most notable when cells are exposed to an ionizing radiation dose .
The [18 F]FDG-6-phosphate formed when [18 F]FDG enters the cell cannot exit the cell before radioactive decay. As a result, the distribution of [18 F]FDG is a good reflection of the distribution of glucose uptake and phosphorylation by cells in the body. [citation needed] The fluorine in [18 F]FDG decays radioactively via beta-decay to 18 O −.
Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18 F]FDG or FDG) is commonly used to detect cancer; [18 F]Sodium fluoride (Na 18 F) is widely used for detecting bone formation; Oxygen-15 (15 O) is sometimes used to measure blood flow. PET is a common imaging technique, a medical scintillography technique used in nuclear medicine.
Nuclear medicine (nuclear radiology, nucleology), [1] [2] is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear imaging is, in a sense, radiology done inside out , because it records radiation emitted from within the body rather than radiation that is transmitted through ...
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Fluorine-18 (18 F, also called radiofluorine) is a fluorine radioisotope which is an important source of positrons. It has a mass of 18.0009380(6) u and its half-life is 109.771(20) minutes. It decays by positron emission 96.7% of the time and electron capture 3.3% of the time. Both modes of decay yield stable oxygen-18.
Here’s what happens: Your skin has special receptors that sense the cold and send messages to your brain telling you it’s time to warm up.