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If the edge has a label, it appears on the same line after the endpoint IDs. [3] The graph may be interpreted as a directed or undirected graph. For directed graphs, to specify the concept of bi-directionality in an edge, one may either specify two edges (forward and back) or differentiate the edge by means of a label.
Adjacency lists are generally preferred for the representation of sparse graphs, while an adjacency matrix is preferred if the graph is dense; that is, the number of edges | | is close to the number of vertices squared, | |, or if one must be able to quickly look up if there is an edge connecting two vertices.
An adjacency list representation for a graph associates each vertex in the graph with the collection of its neighbouring vertices or edges. There are many variations of this basic idea, differing in the details of how they implement the association between vertices and collections, in how they implement the collections, in whether they include both vertices and edges or only vertices as first ...
An edge list is a data structure used to represent a graph as a list of its edges. An (unweighted) edge is defined by its start and end vertex, so each edge may be represented by two numbers. [1] The entire edge list may be represented as a two-column matrix. [2] [3] An edge list may be considered a variation on an adjacency list which is ...
Decomposition, defined as partitioning the edge set of a graph (with as many vertices as necessary accompanying the edges of each part of the partition), has a wide variety of questions. Often, the problem is to decompose a graph into subgraphs isomorphic to a fixed graph; for instance, decomposing a complete graph into Hamiltonian cycles.
The adjacency matrix may be used as a data structure for the representation of graphs in computer programs for manipulating graphs. The main alternative data structure, also in use for this application, is the adjacency list. [11] [12]
where the degree of a vertex counts the number of times an edge terminates at that vertex. In an undirected graph , this means that each loop increases the degree of a vertex by two. In a directed graph , the term degree may refer either to indegree (the number of incoming edges at each vertex) or outdegree (the number of outgoing edges at ...
In graph theory, an edge dominating set for a graph G = (V, E) is a subset D ⊆ E such that every edge not in D is adjacent to at least one edge in D. An edge dominating set is also known as a line dominating set. Figures (a)–(d) are examples of edge dominating sets (thick red lines). A minimum edge dominating set is a smallest edge ...