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The Wirtschaftswunder (German: [ˈvɪʁt.ʃaftsˌvʊndɐ] ⓘ, "economic miracle"), also known as the Miracle on the Rhine, was the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II. The expression referring to this phenomenon was first used by The Times in 1950. [2]
By the late 1930s, the aims of German trade policy were to use economic and political power to make the countries of Southern Europe and the Balkans dependent on Germany. The German economy would draw its raw materials from that region, and the countries in question would receive German manufactured goods in exchange. [98]
The year 1989 was the last year of the West German economy as a separate and separable institution. From 1990 the positive and negative distortions generated by German reunification set in, and the West German economy began to reorient itself toward economic and political union with what had been East Germany. The economy turned gradually and ...
The transition of West Germany from a debtor to a creditor by the middle of the 1950s had an impact on Germany's economic growth as well. [11] The agreement's outcome can be described as a German economic miracle. Germany achieved all of the above, despite being obligated to pay the total amount of war reparations (with interest) prior to the ...
This type of action to help the German economy had been prohibited by the directive. In 1947, the Marshall Plan , initially known as the "European Recovery Program" was initiated. In the years 1947–1952, some $13 billion of economic and technical assistance – equivalent to around $140 billion in 2017 – were allocated to Western Europe.
In "Freedom: Memoirs 1954-2021" (published by St. Martin's Press), former German Chancellor Angela Merkel writes about two lives: her early years growing up under a Communist-controlled police ...
While it has largely avoided a technical recession, Germany’s economy contracted by 0.3% in 2023 and is set for a 0.2% decline this year. "Sick Man of Europe " Employees took 15 days of sick ...
The German economic miracle petered out in the 1990s, so that by the end of the century and the early 2000s it was ridiculed as "the sick man of Europe." [26] It suffered a short recession in 2003. The economic growth rate was a very low 1.2% annually from 1988 to 2005.