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While Megasthenes's account of India has survived in the later works, little is known about him as a person. He spent time at the court of Sibyrtius, who was a satrap of Arachosia under Antigonus I and then Seleucus I. [2] Megasthenes was then an ambassador for Seleucid king Seleucus I Nicator and to the court of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra (modern Patna).
Megasthenes also comments on the presence of pre-Socratic views among the Brahmans in India and Jews in Syria. Five centuries later Clement of Alexandria, in his Stromateis , may have misunderstood Megasthenes to be responding to claims of Greek primacy by admitting Greek views of physics were preceded by those of Jews and Indians.
[41]: 12 [42]: 53–4 [43]: 4 Pataliputra's decline had probably begun well before Xuanzang's time. At least at Kumrahar, archaeological evidence seems to suggest a gradual decline beginning in the 300s, with fewer and less elaborate structures between this period and c. 600. After that, there are no traces of human activity for a thousand ...
Megasthenes in particular was a notable Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. [76] His book Indika is a major literary source for information about the Mauryan Empire. According to Arrian, ambassador Megasthenes (c. 350 – c. 290 BCE) lived in Arachosia and travelled to Pataliputra. [77]
Pataliputra capital front and side view. Bihar Museum.. The top is made of a band of rosettes, eleven in total for the fronts and four for the sides.Below that is a band of bead and reel pattern, then under it a band of waves, generally right-to-left, except for the back where they are left-to-right.
Dhana Nanda (died c. 321 BCE), according to the Buddhist text Mahabodhivamsa, was the last Nanda king of Magadha.. Chandragupta Maurya raised an army that eventually conquered the Nanda capital Pataliputra and defeated him.
It is now known that 50 years later, the Indo-Scythian Maues was in alliance with the Indo-Greek kings in Taxila, and one of those kings, Artemidoros seems to claim on his coins that he is the son of Maues, [179] although this is now disputed.
Most scholars agree that Mauryan art was influenced by Greek and Persian art, especially in imperial sculpture and architecture. [4] Political and cultural contacts between the Greek and Persian cultures and India were intensive and ran for a long period of time, encouraging the propagation of their advances in the area of sculpture.