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A caveat to this is 66% of the stations report only the daily precipitation. [1] The original idea for the application of the GHCN-M data was to provide climatic analysis for data sets that require daily monitoring. Its purpose is to create a global base-line data set that can be compiled from stations worldwide. [2]
Integrated Surface Database (ISD) is global database compiled by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) comprising hourly and synoptic surface observations compiled globally from ~35,500 weather stations; it is updated, automatically, hourly.
Since then NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2 [4] and the NCEP CFS Reanalysis [5] are released. The former focuses in fixing existing bugs with the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis system – most notably surface energy and usage of observed precipitation forcing to the land surface, but otherwise uses a similar numerical model and data assimilation system.
NCDC also maintained World Data Center for Meteorology, Asheville. The four World Centers (U.S., Russia, Japan and China) have created a free and open situation in which data and dialogue are exchanged. NCDC maintained the U.S. Climate Reference Network datasets and a vast number of other climate monitoring products. [7]
To address a growing need for remote access to high volume numerical weather prediction and global climate models and data, the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), along with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), initiated the NOAA Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS) project.
The medium range forecast products include surface pressure patterns, circulation centers and fronts, daily maximum and minimum temperatures and anomalies, probability of precipitation in 12-hour increments, total 5-day precipitation accumulation for the next five days, and 500 hPa (mb) height forecasts for days 3–7. In addition, a narrative ...
The organization was created by merging the three existing NOAA National Data Centers with the goal of streamlining the collection and preservation of environmental data. The merger, which came in response to increasing demand for environmental information, was intended to make NOAA's data more useful through the application of consistent data ...
In 1997 the World Climate Research Programme convened a meeting to determine the state of the art of climate research around the world. One of the principle conclusions of that meeting was that the global capacity to measure major climate variables such as temperature, rainfall, wind speed and direction, was inadequate to inform efforts to confront the emerging issue of climate change. [3]