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Babesia, [3] [4] also called Nuttallia, [5] is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks.Originally discovered by Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888; over 100 species of Babesia have since been identified.
Treatment of asymptomatic carriers should be considered if parasites are still detected after 3 months. In mild-to-moderate babesiosis, the treatment of choice is a combination of atovaquone and azithromycin. This regimen is preferred to clindamycin and quinine because it has fewer side effects.
Babesiosis, a rare tick-borne illness, is increasing in the U.S., per the CDC. Experts explain the signs, symptoms, causes, treatments, and prevention of the illness.
For Anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Doxycycline is the first line treatment for adults and children of all ages. For babesiosis, a combination therapy with atovaquone and azithromycin is most commonly recommended for treatment of mild to moderate babesiosis. Treatment is usually continued for 7 to 10 days.
The combination of clindamycin and quinine is the standard treatment for severe babesiosis. [ 40 ] Clindamycin may also be used to treat toxoplasmosis , [ 24 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ] and, in combination with primaquine , is effective in treating mild to moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia .
Babesia microti is a parasitic blood-borne piroplasm transmitted by deer ticks. B. microti is responsible for the disease babesiosis , a malaria -like zoonosis which causes fever, hemolytic anemia caused by hemolysis , and enlarged spleen.
Against Babesia protozoa are imidocarb and diminazine, both of which can be used to treat patent clinical infections. [51] Against Theileria are parvaquone and halofuginone, both effective for clinical cases. [52] These drugs are usually administered to treat diagnosed cases, but the timing of treatment then becomes critical.
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. [5] This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. [5] [6] While sometimes used for nocturnal leg cramps, quinine is not recommended for this purpose due to the risk of serious side effects. [5]