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The Haitian Revolution was a revolution ignited from below, by the underrepresented majority of the population. [161] A huge majority of the supporters of the Haitian revolution were slaves and freed Africans who were severely discriminated against by colonial society and the law. [162]
The 1804 Haiti massacre, also referred to as the Haitian genocide, [1] [2] [3] was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against much of the remaining European population in Haiti, which mainly included French people.
Moyse (Moïse, Moise) Hyacinthe L'Ouverture (1773 – 1801) was a military leader in Saint-Domingue during the Haitian Revolution.Originally allied with Toussaint L'Ouverture, Moyse grew disillusioned with the minimal labor reform and land distribution for black former slaves under the L'Ouverture administration and lead a rebellion against Toussaint in 1801.
François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture (French: [fʁɑ̃swa dɔminik tusɛ̃ luvɛʁtyʁ], English: / ˌ l uː v ər ˈ tj ʊər /) [2] also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803), was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution.
An illustration of violence during the Haitian Revolution. The Haitian Revolution and the subsequent independence of Haiti as an independent state provoked mixed reactions in the United States. Among many white Americans, this led to uneasiness, instilling fears of racial instability on its own soil and possible problems with foreign relations ...
This rebellion was the first action of what would become the Haitian Revolution. Dessalines became a lieutenant in Papillon's army and followed him to Santo Domingo , occupying the eastern half of the island, where he enlisted to serve Spain's military forces against the French colony of Saint-Domingue.
History of Haiti; Pre-Columbian Haiti (before 1492) Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1492–1625) Taíno genocide: Saint-Domingue (1625–1804) Haitian Revolution; First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806) 1804 Haiti massacre; Siege of Santo Domingo; North Haiti (1806–1820) State of Haiti; Kingdom of Haiti; South Haiti (1806–1820) First ...
The Haitian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on January 1st, 1804, in the port city of Gonaïves by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marking the end of the 13-year-long Haitian Revolution. With this declaration, Haiti became the first independent Black nation in the Western Hemisphere. [12] [13] Jean-Jacques Dessalines became the first ruler ...