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First lander to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. [7] PrOP-M: Rover Failure Lost with Mars 2: First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful
Artist's rendering of NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiting Mars. The following table is a list of Mars orbiters, consisting of space probes which were launched from Earth and are currently orbiting Mars. As of August 2023, there have been 18 spacecraft missions operating in Mars' orbit, 7 of which are currently active.
The Mars 1M programs (sometimes dubbed Marsnik in Western media) was the first Soviet uncrewed spacecraft interplanetary exploration program, which consisted of two flyby probes launched towards Mars in October 1960, Mars 1960A and Mars 1960B (also known as Korabl 4 and Korabl 5 respectively). After launch, the third stage pumps on both ...
Following launch using a Titan/Centaur launch vehicle on August 20, 1975, and an 11-month cruise to Mars, [7] the orbiter began returning global images of Mars about five days before orbit insertion. The Viking 1 Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on June 19, 1976, [ 8 ] and trimmed to a 1,513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 h site certification orbit on ...
Mariner 4 was the first space probe that needed a star for a navigational reference object, since earlier missions, which remained near either the Earth, the Moon, or the planet Venus, had sighted onto either the bright face of the home planet or the brightly lit target. During this flight, both the Earth and Mars would be too dim to lock onto.
Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1990s Year Origin Name Target Status Description 1990 US/ Europe: Ulysses: Sun: Success: Ulysses solar flyby Japan: Hiten: Moon: Success: Hiten probe, this was the first non-United States or USSR probe to reach the Moon US/ Europe: Hubble Space Telescope: Earth: Success: Launch of the Hubble Space ...
The Voyager Mars Program was a planned series of uncrewed NASA probes to the planet Mars. The missions were planned, as part of the Apollo Applications Program, between 1966 and 1968 and were scheduled for launch in 1974–75. [1] The probes were conceived as precursors for a crewed Mars landing in the 1980s. [2]
Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 (Mariner Mars 69A and Mariner Mars 69B) were two uncrewed NASA robotic spacecraft that completed the first dual mission to Mars in 1969 as part of NASA's wider Mariner program. Mariner 6 was launched from Launch Complex 36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station [2] and Mariner 7 from Launch Complex 36A. [4]