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Senator (and future Chief Justice) Oliver Ellsworth was the drafter of the Crimes Act. The Crimes Act of 1790 (or the Federal Criminal Code of 1790), [1] formally titled An Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes Against the United States, defined some of the first federal crimes in the United States and expanded on the criminal procedure provisions of the Judiciary Act of 1789. [2]
Dec. 27, 1790: Provisions of the Act for the Collection of Duties extended to act of August 10, 1790. An Act supplementary to the act intitled “An act making further provision for the payment of the debts of the United States.” Sess. 3, ch. 1 1 Stat. 188 (chapter 1) 2: Jan. 7, 1791: Unlading of Ships and Vessels in cases of Obstruction by Ice.
The Crimes Act of 1790 defined some capital offenses: treason, murder, robbery, piracy, mutiny, hostility against the United States, counterfeiting, and aiding the escape of a capital prisoner. [8] The first federal execution was that of Thomas Bird on June 25, 1790, for committing "murder on the high seas", after he murdered his captain while ...
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The Crimes Act of 1825 was "drawn along the same lines" as the Crimes Act of 1790, but "more comprehensive.” [3] Justice Joseph Story was an advocate for expanded federal jurisdiction, and in particular argued that the Judiciary Act of 1789 authorized the federal courts to define and punish common law offenses. [4]
The Judiciary Act of 1789. Under the Articles of Confederation, there were no general federal courts or crimes. [1] [2] Although the Articles authorized a federal court to punish "piracies and felonies committed on the high seas," [3] and the Congress of the Confederation in 1775 created the Court of Appeals in Prize Cases, [2] [4] Congress soon devolved this power to the states. [1]
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Communist Control Act of 1954; Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984; Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996; Conspiracy to impede or injure a federal officer; Continuing Criminal Enterprise Statute; Controlled Substances Act; Controlled Substances Penalties Amendments Act of 1984; Crime Victims' Rights Act; Crimes Act of 1790 ...