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Fraud can be defined as either a civil wrong or a criminal act. For civil fraud, a government agency or person or entity harmed by fraud may bring litigation to stop the fraud, seek monetary damages, or both. For criminal fraud, a person may be prosecuted for the fraud and potentially face fines, incarceration, or both.
In tort law the legal elements necessary to establish a civil conspiracy are substantially the same as for establishing a criminal conspiracy, i.e. there is an agreement between two or more natural persons to break the law at some time in the future or to achieve a lawful aim by unlawful means.
Municipal Courts and County Courts are law courts of limited jurisdiction in the U.S. state of Ohio.They handle cases involving traffic, non-traffic misdemeanors, evictions and small civil claims (in which the amount in controversy does not exceed $3,000 for small claims and $15,000 for municipal court).
“The U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Ohio alleges that between Jan. 1, 2014, and July 19, 2019, the defendants obtained millions of shares in certain public companies at ...
Actual fraud typically involves a debtor who as part of an asset protection scheme donates his assets, usually to an "insider", and leaves himself nothing to pay his creditors. Constructive fraud does not relate to fraudulent intent, but rather to the underlying economics of the transaction, if it took place for less than reasonably equivalent ...
A lawsuit alleging securities law violations, filed against Facebook by Ohio’s largest pension fund, should be an easy one to prove, according to the state’s attorney general Dave Yost.
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Civil penalties occupy a strange place in some legal systems - because they are not criminal penalties, the state need not meet a high burden of proof, such as "beyond a reasonable doubt"; but because the action is brought by the government, and some civil penalties can run into very large sums, it would be uncomfortable to subject citizens to ...