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Specifically, learning to sit independently between 3 and 5 months of age has been found to predict receptive vocabulary at both 10 and 14 months of age, [119] and independent walking skills have been found to correlate with language skills at around 10 to 14 months of age.
Children's written language skills become stronger as they use their spoken language skills to improve their writing. Then in turn, when a development in children's written language skills is seen, their spoken language skills have also improved. A child's written language in this phase mirrors their spoken language. [54]
In fact, "Over 70% of children without sign language exposure achieved age-appropriate spoken language compared with only 39% of those exposed for 3 or more years." [59] Children who focused primarily on spoken language also demonstrated greater social well-being when they did not use manual communication as a supplement. [62]
These two forms of vocabulary are usually equal up until grade 3. Because written language is much more diverse than spoken language, print vocabulary begins to expand beyond oral vocabulary. [68] By age 10, children's vocabulary development through reading moves away from learning concrete words to learning abstract words. [69]
Speech perception becomes language-specific for vowels at around 6 months, for sound combinations at around 9 months and for language-specific consonants at around 11 months. [ 4 ] Infants detect typical word stress patterns, and use stress to identify words around the age of 8 months.
Infants can distinguish native from nonnative language input using phonetic and phonotactic patterns alone, i.e., without the help of prosodic cues. [14] They seem to have learned their native language's phonotactics, i.e., which combinations of sounds are possible in the language.
What follows are a list of frequently used measures of speech and language skills, and the age-ranges for which they are appropriate. [1] Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – Preschool (3–6 years) Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (6–21 years) MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (0–12 months)
A language delay is a language disorder in which a child fails to develop language abilities at the usual age-appropriate period in their developmental timetable. It is most commonly seen in children ages two to seven years-old and can continue into adulthood.